Biotechnology which is synonymous with genetic engineering or recombinant DNA (rDNA) is an industrial process that uses the scientific research on DNA for practical applications. rDNA is a form of artificial DNA that is made through the combination or insertion of one or more DNA strands,It offered new opportunities for innovations to produce a wide range of therapeutic products with immediate effect in the medical genetics and biomedicine by modifying microorganisms, animals, and plants to yield medically useful substances.Recombinant DNA technology is playing a vital role in improving health conditions by developing new vaccines and pharmaceuticals. This review gives brief introduction to rDNA and its applications in various fields